Perumusan Model Konseptual Layanan BK Kolaboratif Berbasis Nilai Multikultural pada Masa Memasuki PAUD dan Transisi PAUD ke Sekolah Dasar
Keywords:
bimbingan dan konseling kolaboratif, kemitraan keluarga–sekolah, kesiapan sekolah, kolaborasi multi-agen, multikultural, transisi PAUD–SDAbstract
Transisi dari pendidikan anak usia dini (PAUD) ke sekolah dasar merupakan fase kritis yang menuntut dukungan sistemik, khususnya dalam masyarakat multikultural. Kajian ini bertujuan merumuskan model konseptual layanan bimbingan dan konseling (BK) kolaboratif berbasis nilai multikultural untuk mendukung transisi tersebut. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan narrative literature review, artikel ini menyintesis bukti empiris dari studi tahun 2023–2025, yang mencakup layanan BK kolaboratif, kemitraan keluarga–sekolah, kolaborasi interprofesional, dan pengukuran transisi. Temuan dikelompokkan dalam empat tema utama: (1) komponen layanan inti (asesmen, perencanaan, koordinasi, tindak lanjut); (2) kemitraan keluarga–sekolah berbasis agensi orang tua; (3) kolaborasi multi-agen yang dipengaruhi kultur organisasi dan relasi kuasa; serta (4) indikator keberhasilan dan keterbatasan instrumen evaluasi lintas budaya. Sintesis menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan transisi sangat ditentukan oleh integrasi struktur layanan dan mekanisme sosial-relasional yang dimediasi budaya, seperti komunikasi dua arah dan negosiasi peran. Model konseptual yang dirumuskan menggabungkan empat elemen: konteks, komponen layanan, mekanisme sosial, dan luaran transisi, dengan pendekatan Context–Component–Mechanism–Outcome (CCMO). Studi ini menekankan pentingnya pengembangan model layanan BK yang responsif budaya dan berbasis bukti, serta menyerukan penelitian implementasi yang lebih ketat dan berorientasi konteks.
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